Risk Factor Assessment
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Multifactorial Etiology
Most falls are caused by the interaction of multiple risk factors. The more risk factors a person has, the greater their chances of falling. Healthcare providers can lower a person’s risk by initially identifying the risk factors and determine which modifiable fall risk factors can be addressed to help them meet their goals.
Risk Factors for Falls
INTRINSIC
- Advanced age
- Previous falls
- Muscle weakness
- Gait and balance problems
- Poor vision
- Postural hypotension
- Chronic conditions (eg, arthritis, stroke, incontinence, diabetes, Parkinson disease, dementia)
- Fear of falling
EXTRINSIC
- Lack of stair handrails
- Poor stair design
- Lack of bathroom grab bars
- Dim lighting or glare
- Obstacles and tripping hazards
- Slippery or uneven surfaces
- Psychoactive medications
- Improper use of assistive device